Martha Arbayani Zaidan

Data has become a vital component in our daily life due to digital transformation in the 21st century. They are not merely for personal applications, but also for governments, businesses and industrial use. Internet websites require data to improve their services and experience for the users. Businesses collect and use data to understand the needs and habits of their costumers, which can then be transformed into something beneficial. Even many smart home devices, such as mobile phones, have exploited extensive data sources, to provide relevant information and serve the users. The role of data becomes more and more important through the rise of new phenomenon, called big data. Big data is data collections with massive and extraordinary volume, collected from a large variety of different sources, structured or unstructured, which then, their patterns, trends and characteristics can be analysed and visualised through computer systems. The processed data and their analysed results can then